ABSTRACT
Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) is an efficient procedure for managing intraoperative and postoperative pain caused by liver resection, gastrectomy, or lung surgery. Precise difficulty prediction of TEA has the advantage of reducing the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to identify factor correlated with TEA performance time under fluoroscopic guidance. From September 2017 to May 2018, 39 patients who were scheduled to receive TEA under fluoroscopic guidance for postoperative pain control were enrolled for this study. All thoracic epidural catheterization was performed by one physician who had more than 5 years of experience in spine intervention. TEA was performed one day before the elective surgery in the outpatient pain clinic. Body mass index (BMI) was found to be a factor associated with TEA procedure time. Correlation coefficients of procedure time with age, height, weight and BMI were 0.099, -0.129, 0.346, and 0.575, respectively. BMI needs to be considered as one factor that affects the difficulty of TEA.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of hot water extract from Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies (CMWE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of macrophages with various concentrations of hot CMWE significantly reduced LPS-induced production as well as NO, TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that CMWE have potent inhibitory effects on the production of these inflammatory mediators.
Subject(s)
Cordyceps , Fruit , Interleukin-6 , Macrophages , Nitric Oxide , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , WaterABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Titanium nitride(TiN) coatings are the most general and popular coating method and used to improve the properties of metallic surface for industrial PURPOSEs. When TiN coating applied to the abutment screw, frictional resistance would be reduced, as a results, the greater preload and prevention of the screw loosening could be expected. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical properties of TiN coated film of various coating thickness on the titanium alloy surface and to evaluate proper coating thickness. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 95 Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) discs of 15 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were prepared for TiN coating and divided into 7 groups in this study. Accoding to coating deposition time (CDT) with TiN by using Arc ion plating, were divided into 7 groups : Group A (CDT 30min), Group B (CDT 60min), Group C (CDT 90min), Group D (CDT 120min), Group E (CDT 150min), Group F(CDT 180min) and Group G (no CDT) as a control group. TiN coating surface was observed with Atomic Force Microscope(AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and examined with scratch tester, wear tester. Result: 1. Coating thickness for each coated group was increased in proportion to coating deposition time. 2. Surface of all coated groups except Group A was homogeneous and smooth. However, surface of none coated Group G had scratch. 3. Adhesion strength for each coated group was increased in proportion to coating deposition time. 4. Wear resistance for each coated group was increased in proportion to coating deposition time. 5. Surface roughness in Group A, B, C was increased in proportion to coating deposition time. But, surface roughness in Group D, E, F was showed decreased tendency in proportion to coating deposition time. CONCLUSION: According to coating deposition time, mechanical properties of TiN coated film were changed. It was considered that 120 minutes coating deposition time (1.32micrometer in coating thickness) is necessary.
Subject(s)
Alloys , Friction , Tin , TitaniumABSTRACT
Analysis of phylogenetic relationship was performed among Phellinus species based on 18S ribosomal subunit sequence data. Twenty-five strains of 19 Phellinus species including P. linteus were examined in this study. Regions of 18S ribosomal subunit were very conserved, but some variable regions between Phellinus species were observed. The species-specific detection primers, modified by 2 or 3 nucleotides in sense primer were designed based on 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data. The 210 bp PCR bands were detected with annealing temperature 48degrees C. The 18S 2F-18S 4R detection primer set distinguished P. linteus from various Phellinus species but some species like P. baumii, P. weirianius, P. rhabarberinus and P. pomaceus also had weak reactivity on this primer set. The 18S 3F-18S 4R primer set distinguished only P. linteus from various Phellinus species, although sensitivity with this primer set was lower than that of 18S 2F-18 4R primer set. These primer sets would be useful for the detection of only P. linteus among unknown Phellinus species rapidly.
Subject(s)
Base Sequence , DNA, Ribosomal , Nucleotides , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Ribosome Subunits , RNA, Ribosomal, 18SABSTRACT
Sikhae is a Korean traditional beverage of saccharified rice. Its factory waste (SFW) is usually thrown away instead of being used. We developed a cheap substrate of SFW for use in liquid spawn that is known for its higher fruit body yields than grain spawn in sawdust cultivation. Mycelia of Lentinula edodes ASI 3046, which is regarded as the most suitable strain for sawdust cultivation, were cultured on six kinds of previous known media and SFW. As the seven kinds of media were applied, a Sikhae Factory Waste (SFW) was most excellent in growth. The dried mycelial weight in SFW was almost four times as much as that in the other media. In the flask culture, optimum culture conditions for the mycelial growth were obtained after 13 days of cultivation at media volume of 100 ml, 100 rpm, initial pH 4.5, and 25degrees C. The best mycelial growth was observed when MgSO4 . 7H2O and D-sucrose were added as a supplement in SFW. SWM must be a remarkable medium for L. edodes because of its simple preparation and low cost.